Lecture Notes

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• Why study phenomena?
  • To explain variance in measures of them
  • To examine their effects on behavior
  • For fun
• For what sorts of research questions are single-subject designs appropriate?
• How do we measure phenomena behaviorally?
  • Why measure repeatedly and how does one do so?[Notes]
• How do we know we can trust our measurements?
  • The matters of agreement and accuracy[Notes]
• How does one plan a single-subject study?
  • What are a researcher's responsibilities in planning and conducting a single-subject study?
  • What are the essential parts of a protocol for a single-subject study?
• What are the basic features of single-subject designs
• Repeated measurement of the dependent variables
• Repeated manipulations of the independent variables
• Within-subjects analysis
• [Notes.]
• How do we manipulate independent variables repeatedly?
• Reversal or ABAB designs [Notes]
• Multiple Baseline designs [Notes]
• Multi-element designs [Notes]
• Where does replication fit into this picture?
• Replication is relevant within single-subject studies.
• Replication is relevant across single-subject studies.
• [Notes.]
• How do we decide whether an independent variable has produced effects?
• One examines level, slope, and middlin' changes, and one looks for low degrees of overlap.
• One considers these factors simultaneously, and one (especially) demands repeated demonstrations.
• [Notes.]
• How do we fit studies together to form a coherent body of knowledge? [Notes]