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The village of Moshny,
Cherkasy region, August 19, 1998. Folk musicians can be
professional, semi-professional and total amateurs. This
group is semi-professional in the sense that everyone in the
village knows them and calls on them to perform at weddings,
parties, and other occasions. Please note the combination of
musical instruments (the accordion and the tambourine) with
"found" objects (the two bottles and the saw).
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Pavlo Stepanovich Suprun, a
professional kobzar. In back of him is Natalie Kononenko who
was acting as translator and guide while Pavlo toured
America. Pavlo is blind and, up until Stalin destroyed
traditional professional minstrelsy, all kobzari had to be
blind. Pavlo is one of the few blind kobzari performing
today. He sings modern songs, some of his own composition,
and traditional songs on historical topics.
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Pavlo Suprun performing at a
cafe in Kyiv in 1995. Photo by Mykhailo Naydan.
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Agafiia Iumenivna Kucher and
her daughter, village of Subotiv, Chyhyryn region, August
20, 1998. Agafiia Iumeniva is an especially good narrator
and a person with a great knowledge of village traditions
and village lore.
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Kobzar Ostap Veresai,
probably the most famous of the traditional minstrels, with
his wife, Kulyna. The photo was taken in 1873 when Veresai
was performing at the Archeological Congress in Kyiv.
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An unknown lirnyk and his
guide. Photo taken in 1905 along the roads of the Volodar
region. Lirnyky were the other type of blind professional
minstrel, along with kobzari. They belonged to the same
guilds, performed historical and religious songs, just like
kobzari. What was very different was their musical
instrument. The lira is a crank-driven hurdy-gurdy. The
kobza or bandura is a plucked and strummed lute.
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The village of Mliiiv,
Horodyshchens'kyi region, August 23, 1998. Neighbors gather
to exchange information, tell tales.
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Hanna Petrivna Martynenko,
age 72, village of Topyl'na, Shpolians'kyi region. This is
another keeper of village traditions, widely known not just
in her own village, but throughout the region. We were
referred her because she was so well known for her singing
voice and her large repertory of songs. As you can see from
the picture, she also did a good job of maintaining
decorative traditions. We arrived at her house unannounced
and it was beautifully decorated with embroidered pillows
and ritual towels call rushnyky.
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Pavlo Suprun performing near
the Lavra, or Monastery of the Caves, in Kyiv in 1998. The
man sitting next to him was so entranced with Pavlo's
singing that he asked for permission to sit as close as
possible and listen for a while.
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Mykhailo Mykhailovych
Solonyi, age 61, performing in the village of Kopachiv,
Obukhivs'kyi region. He is the only male member of a singing
and instrumental group. They perform a variety of folk songs
and instrumental pieces. They have traveled to Kyiv and won
several musical competitions.
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Lidiia Mykolaivna Vdovenko,
age 49, village of Kopachiv, Obukhivs'kyi region. She is the
head of the award-wining folk music group and she was our
hostess for this session. She is demonstrating a home-made
folk "instrument." The stick with the notches is not really
a musical instrument but the old-fashioned way of "ironing"
linen. The linen cloth or garment was wrapped around a large
wooden dowel and then rubbed with the notched stick. This
notched stick is here adapted as a percussion instrument; it
is rubbed with a small piece of doweling to produce a sound
somewhat akin to using brushes on drums.
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Pavlo Suprun outside the
Lavra in 1998. The girl standing next to him is a beggar,
probably homeless, though she would not tell me. It has been
traditional to allow beggars to seek alms near the Lavra.
The belief is that people going to the monastery to pray
will be more inclined to give alms to the poor. Minstrels,
like Pavlo, were considered beggars of sorts. In many
senses, Pavlo is being forced to return to this position.
With the economic crisis in Ukraine, playing outside the
Lavra is one of the few ways he can earn money. Few people
can afford to hire him these days.
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The rest of the folk music
ensemble in Kopachiv. Photo taken November 15, 1998. The
ceramic pot in the middle is full of varenyky, dumplings
filled with mashed potatoes, onions, cottage cheese. No
matter how poor the villager, she or he will always offer
food to the guests, in this case me and my companion,
Nataliia Havryliuk.
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Lidiia Mykolaivna Vdovenko
is demonstrating another percussion instrument. This one has
no uses except as a musical instrument. It is a set of
wooden slats on a rope which are clapped together
rhythmically. Percussion instruments of this sort are
especially good when the ensemble wishes to accompany
dancing, as at a wedding.
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Halyna Afanasivna Chubata,
age 49. She is another member of the Kopachiv folk music
ensemble.
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The Kopachiv ensemble again.
The accordion player is Tetiana Davydivna Skyrnyk, age
48.
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