The Past 15 years of Introduction to Structures
	The Present The Lilly experience, and the Teaching Technology Initiative
	Big Plans An old dog changes his stripes

	1980-82 Teaching assistant
	1982-87 Summer session lecturer
	1992-present Still at it

	Structural Design for Architects Engineering for non-engineers
	Problem solving Rigorous methods and logic
	Modelling in design Model building is a form of inquiry

	Abstraction Barriers Leap from abstract models to "concrete" reality
	Connection Visual, mathematical, and verbal representations of concepts
	Reality vs. schoolwork Slides show the real world, but they don't count
	Engineering is not cooking Problem solving involves creative exploration, not rote procedures

	Siegfried Holzer Philosophical basis
	Ed Neal Cases and Critical Thinking
	Ed Ayers, Karl Smith Controversy
	John Dobbins Teaching TA's
	Ken Elzinga Collaborative learning

Any experience which does not violate expectation is not worthy of the name experience

--Hegel

all science, and all philosophy, are enlightened common sense.

Thus we begin with a vague starting-point, and we build on insecure foundations.

--Karl Popper

Critical thinking is a rational response to questions that cannot be answered definitively and for which all the relevant information may not be available. It is defined here as an investigation whose purpose is to explore a situation, phenomenon, question, or problem to arrive at a hypothesis or conclusion about it that integrates all available information and that therefore can be convincingly justified.

--Joanne G. Kurfis

I don't see how you can teach stuff that's not controversial.

--Ed Ayers

I have students debate the merits of the midpoint method vs. the Newton-Raphson method.

--Karl Smith

I run the first class meeting as a discussion session, choosing examples I know will provoke discussion.

--John Dobbins

And I found myself in another group. I couldn't get away from this guy.

--Ken Elzinga

	Spread out Use over several lectures rather than bunched in shows
	Outside access Give students access to images outside of lecture via the Web
	Assignments Include questions about slides on homework and exams

	Start with Reality Begin each lecture with a picture or a demonstration.
	Lab focus Use lecture to support lab: CS 201
	Semi-design problems Halfway between a design problem and a problem set

	Critical Analysis A column and a bracket?
	Structure and Space What's wrong with this picture?
	Examples from the Web Northridge
	Examples from the Web Kobe

	Philosophy Enlightening common sense by violating expectations
	Reality Every lecture starts with slides or a demonstration
	Curiosity Slides are work: critical visual analysis
	Ability Lectures support lab: Tasks define the target