In general a pyranose is any cyclic isomer that has a five carbons and one oxygen in a ring of six atoms. If a hydroxyl at the 5 position of an aldohexose, such as glucose, forms a hemiacetal with the aldehyde (position 1), the resulting isomer is glucopyranose. The hydroxyl group at position 1 is sterically undefined.
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D-glucose as its pyranose and aldose forms |
A pyranose structure with an undefined asymmetric center at position 1 represents both the α diastereomer and the β diastereomer. These two diastereomers have an indentical saccharide name, i.e. glucopyranose. The other hydroxyls at positions 2, 3, and 4, if changed, will result in a diastereomer with a different name. Pyranose monosaccharides are quite common in the literature—their conformation resembles the well-known cyclohexane system.
When there is more than one name for a pyranose, the name most often used in on top. Also where noted are other facts about the monosaccharide.
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D-allose | D-altrose | D-galactose | D-glucose |
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D-gulose | D-idose | D-mannose | D-talose |
Anhydro Sugars | |||
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2,3-anydro-α-Dallopyranose | 1,6-anhydro-β-Dglucopyranose | ||
Deoxy Sugars | |||
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D-arabinose |
abequose 3,6-dideoxy-D-xylo-hexopyranose |
fucose 6-deoxy-L-galactopyranose |
D-lyxose |
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mycarose (of carbomycin) |
quinovose 6-deoxy-D-glucopyranose |
rhamnose 6-deoxy-L-mannopyranose |
D-ribose |
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paratose 3,6-dideoxy-D-ribohexopyranose |
D-xylose |
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Heteroatom-Substituted Sugars | |||
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D-galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-α/β-D-galactopyranose |
D-glucopyranosylamine |
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D-glucosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-α/β-D-glucopyranose | |||
Others | |||
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glucal |
vancosamine (of vancomycin) |