Kyoto Protocol to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Adopted at Kyoto (Japan) on 11 December 1997

NOT YET IN FORCE: (see article 25).

TEXT: Decision 1/CP.3 of the third session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention.

STATUS: Signatures: 79. Parties: 7.

Note: The Protocol was adopted at the third session of the Conference of the Parties to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ("the Convention"), held at Kyoto (Japan) from 1 to 11 December 1997. The Protocol shall be open for signature by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the Convention at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999 in accordance with its article 24 (1).

Antigua and Barbuda 16 Mar 1998 3 Nov 1998

Argentina 16 Mar 1998

Australia 29 Apr 1998

Austria 29 Apr 1998

Belgium 29 Apr 1998

Bolivia 9 Jul 1998

Brazil 29 Apr 1998

Bulgaria 18 Sep 1998

Canada 29 Apr 1998

Chile 17 Jun 1998

China 29 May 1998

Cook Islands 16 Sep 1998

Costa Rica 27 Apr 1998

Croatia 11 Mar 1999

Czech Republic 23 Nov 1998

Denmark 29 Apr 1998

Ecuador 15 Jan 1999

El Salvador 8 Jun 1998 30 Nov 1998

Estonia 3 Dec 1998

European Community 29 Apr 1998

Fiji 17 Sep 1998 17 Sep 1998

Finland 29 Apr 1998

France 29 Apr 1998

Germany 29 Apr 1998

Greece 29 Apr 1998

Guatemala 10 Jul 1998

Honduras 25 Feb 1999

Indonesia 13 Jul 1998

Ireland 29 Apr 1998

Israel 16 Dec 1998

Italy 29 Apr 1998

Japan 28 Apr 1998

Latvia 14 Dec 1998

Liechtenstein 29 Jun 1998

Lithuania 21 Sep 1998

Luxembourg 29 Apr 1998

Maldives 16 Mar 1998 30 Dec 1998

Mali 27 Jan 1999

Malta 17 Apr 1998

Marshall Islands 17 Mar 1998

Mexico 9 Jun 1998

Micronesia (Federated
States of) 17 Mar 1998

Monaco 29 Apr 1998

Netherlands 29 Apr 1998

New Zealand 22 May 1998

Nicaragua 7 Jul 1998

Niger 23 Oct 1998

Niue 8 Dec 1998

Norway 29 Apr 1998

Panama 8 Jun 1998 5 Mar 1999

Papua New Guinea 2 Mar 1999

Paraguay 25 Aug 1998

Peru 13 Nov 1998

Philippines 15 Apr 1998

Poland 15 Jul 1998

Portugal 29 Apr 1998

Republic of Korea 25 Sep 1998

Romania 5 Jan 1999

Russian Federation 11 Mar 1999

Saint Lucia 16 Mar 1998

Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines 19 Mar 1998

Samoa 16 Mar 1998

Seychelles 20 Mar 1998

Slovakia 26 Feb 1999

Slovenia 21 Oct 1998

Solomon Islands 29 Sep 1998

Spain 29 Apr 1998

Sweden 29 Apr 1998

Switzerland 16 Mar 1998

Thailand 2 Feb 1999

Trinidad and Tobago 7 Jan 1999 28 Jan 1999

Turkmenistan 28 Sep 1998

Tuvalu 16 Nov 1998 16 Nov 1998

United Kingdom of
Great Britain and
Northern Ireland 29 Apr 1998

United States
of America 12 Nov 1998

Uruguay 29 Jul 1998

Uzbekistan 20 Nov 1998

Viet Nam 3 Dec 1998

Zambia 5 Aug 1998

Declarations and Reservations
(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made upon ratification, accession, acceptance or approval.)

Cook Islands

Upon signature:

Declaration:

"The Government of the Cook Islands declares its understanding that signature and subsequent ratification of the Kyoto Protocol shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provision in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law.

In this regard, the Government of the Cook Islands further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligation in article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol to be inadequate to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."

european community

Upon signature:

Declaration:

"The European Community and its Member States will fulfil their respective commitments under article 3, paragraph 1, of the Protocol jointly in accordance with the provisions of article 4."

france

Upon signature:

Interpretative declaration:

The French Republic reserves the right, in ratifying the [said Protocol], to exclude its Overseas Territories from the scope of the Protocol.

ireland

Upon signature:

Declaration:

"The European Community and the Member States, including Ireland, will fulfil their respective commitments under article 3, paragraph 1, of the Protocol in accordance with the provisions of article 4."

Niue

Upon signature:

Declaration:

"The Government of Niue declares its understanding that ratification of the Kyoto Protocol shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provisions in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law.

In this regard, the Government of Niue further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment of climate change and impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligations in article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol to be inadequate to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."