Publications

 

Journal Papers

 

1.         J. M. Howe, "Relief Etching Technique for Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of Submicron Precipitates in Aluminum Alloys," Metallography, 16, 275 (1983).

 

2.         J. M. Howe, H. I. Aaronson and R. Gronsky, "Atomic Mechanisms of Precipitate Plate Growth in the Al-Ag System - I. Conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy," Acta Metall., 33, 639 (1985).

 

3.         J. M. Howe, H. I. Aaronson and R. Gronsky, "Atomic Mechanisms of Precipitate Plate Growth in the Al-Ag System - II. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy," Acta Metall., 33, 649 (1985).

 

4.         J. M. Howe and R. Gronsky, "Effect of Specimen Thickness on Symmetry Determination by CBED," Ultramicroscopy, 18, 83 (1985).

 

5.         J. M. Howe, "Metallographic and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analyses of Precipitation and Recrystallization in an Al-Mn Alloy, Metall. Trans., 17A, 593 (1986).

 

6.         J. M. Howe and R. Gronsky, "Quantitative Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis of g' Precipitates in an Al- 4.2 at% Ag Alloy," Scripta Metall., 20, 1165 (1986).

 

7.         J. M. Howe, M. Sarikaya and R. Gronsky, "Space-Group Analyses of Thin Precipitates by Different CBED Procedures," Acta Cryst., A42, 368 (1986).

 

8.         J. M. Howe, U. Dahmen and R. Gronsky, "Atomic Mechanisms of Precipitate Plate Growth," Philos. Mag. A, 56, 31 (1987).

 

9.         M. Howe, "High-Resolution TEM of Precipitates and Interfaces," (invited paper) J. Metals, 39, 13 (1987).

 

10.      N. J. Kim, J. M. Howe and T. Boden, "High-Resolution TEM Study of Precipitates in a Rapidly Solidified Al-Li-Zr Alloy," J. de Physique, 48(C3), 457 (1987).

 

11.      M. Howe, T. Abinandanan, C. S. Chiang, T. Furuhara, N. Prabhu and H. I. Aaronson, "On the Fate of Misfit Dislocations Overrun by Growth Ledges," Scripta Metall., 21, 1639 (1987).

 

12.      N. Prabhu and J. M. Howe, "Interaction Energy of Shockley Partial Dislocation Ledges on the Faces and Edges of g' Precipitate Plates in the Al-Ag System," Scripta Metall., 22, 425 (1988).

 

13.      J. M. Howe, D. E. Laughlin and A. K. Vasudevan, "High-Resolution TEM Investigation of the q'/d' Precipitate Structure in an Al-2Li-1Cu Alloy," Philos. Mag. A, 57, 955 (1988).

 

14.      J. M. Howe, D. P. Basile, M. K. Hatalis and N. Prabhu, "Minimum Detectable Solute Concentration in Atomic-Resolution TEM," Acta Cryst., A44, 449 (1988).

 

15.      J. M. Howe, J. Lee and A. K. Vasudevan, "Structure and Deformation Behavior of T1 Precipitate Plates in an Al-2Li-1Cu Alloy," Metall. Trans., 19A, 2911 (1988).

 

16.      H. I. Aaronson, J. M. Rigsbee, T. Furuhara, N. Prabhu, W. T. Reynolds, Jr. and J. M. Howe, "Further Rebuttal to J. W. Christian and D. V. Edmonds," Scripta Metall., 23, 279 (1989).

 

17.      J. G. Weissman, E. I. Ko, P. Wynblatt and J. M. Howe, "High-Resolution Electron Microscopy and Image Simulation of TT-, T-, and H-Niobia and Model Silica-Supported Niobia Surface Oxides," Chem. Mater., 1, 187 (1989).

 

18.      J. M. Howe and G. J. Mahon, "High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of Precipitate Plate Growth by Diffusional and Displacive Transformation Mechanisms," (invited paper) Ultramicroscopy, 30, 132 (1989).

 

19.      G. J. Mahon, J. M. Howe and S. Mahajan, "HRTEM Investigation of the {225} Austenite/Martensite Interface in an Fe-8Cr-1C Alloy," Philos. Mag. Lett., 59, 273 (1989).

 

20.      N. Prabhu and J. M. Howe, "A New Technique to Determine the Habit Plane of Precipitate Plates," Metallography, 24, 49 (1990).

 

21.      J. M. Howe, "The Al-Se System," Bulletin Alloy Phase Diagrams, 10, 650 (1989). 

 

22.      Garg, Y. C. Chang and J. M. Howe, "Precipitation of the W Phase in an Al-4.0Cu-0.5Mg Alloy," Scripta Metall., 24, 677 (1990).

 

23.      G. J. Mahon and J. M. Howe, "TEM Investigation of Interfaces in a Two-Phase TiAl Alloy," Metall. Trans., 21A, 1665 (1990).

 

24.      N. Prabhu and J. M. Howe, "The Al-Te System," Bulletin Alloy Phase Diagrams, 11, 202 (1990).

 

25.      G. J. Mahon, J. M. Howe and A. K. Vasudevan, "Microstructural Development and Effect of Interfacial Precipitation on the Tensile Properties of an Aluminum/Silicon-Carbide Composite," Acta Metall. Mater., 38, 1503 (1990).

 

26.      J. M. Howe and N. Prabhu, "The Structure of Kinks at Dislocation Interphase Boundaries and Their Role in Boundary Migration -I. Experimental Observation of Kink Motion," Acta Metall. Mater., 38, 881 (1990).

 

27.      N. Prabhu and J. M. Howe, "The Structure of Kinks at Dislocation Interphase Boundaries and  Their Role in Boundary Migration -II.  Theoretical Analysis of Kink Motion," Acta Metall. Mater., 38, 889 (1990).

 

28.      H. I. Aaronson, T. Furuhara, J. M. Rigsbee, W. T. Reynolds,  Jr. and J. M. Howe, "Crystallographic and Mechanistic Aspects of Growth by Shear and Diffusional Processes," (invited paper) Metall. Trans., 21A, 2369 (1990).

 

29.      J. Y. Huh, J. M. Howe and W. C. Johnson, "Analytical Electron Microscopy of Coherent and Incoherent  a+a2  Phase Equilibria in a Ti-15.75at%Al Alloy," Scripta Metall. Mater., 24, 2007 (1990).

 

30.      S. R. Singh and J. M. Howe, "Effect of Ta on Twinning in TiAl," Scripta Metall. Mater., 25, 485 (1991).

 

31.      N. Prabhu and J. M. Howe, "Comparison Between Calculated and Experimental TEM Images of g'  Precipitate Plates in an Al-Ag Alloy," Philos Mag. A., 63, 645 (1991).

 

32.      W. H. Brearley, P. C. Shieh and J. M. Howe, "Atomic Structure of the Crystalline/Amorphous Interface in a Directionally Crystallized Pd80Si20 Alloy," Metall. Trans., 22A, 1287 (1991).

 

33.      P. C. Shieh, C. O. Stanwood and J. M. Howe, "Investigation of the Atomic Structure and Visibility of Crystal/Amorphous Interfaces in Pd80Si20 Alloy by HRTEM Image Simulations," Ultramicroscopy, 35, 99 (1991).

 

34.      Garg and J. M. Howe, "Nucleation and Growth of W Phase in Al-4.0Cu-0.5Mg-0.5Ag Alloy - An In Situ Hot-Stage TEM Study," Acta Metall. Mater., 49, 1925 (1991).

 

35.      T. Furuhara, H. I. Aaronson and J. M. Howe, "Interphase Boundary Structures of Intragranular Proeutectoid a Plates in a Hypoeutectoid Ti-Cr Alloy," Acta Metall. Mater., 39,  2873 (1991).

 

36.      N. Prabhu and J. M. Howe, "The Effect of Ternary Trace Additions on the Nucleation and Growth of g' Precipitates in an Al-4.2at%Ag Alloy," Metall. Trans., 23A, 135 (1992).

 

37.      Garg and J. M. Howe, "Grain-Boundary Precipitation in an A1-4.0Cu-0.5Mg-0.5 Ag Alloy," Acta Metall. Mater., 40, 2451 (1992).

 

38.      S. R. Singh and J. M. Howe, "Studies on Deformation of Interfaces in (a2+g) Titanium Aluminide by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy," Philos. Mag. Lett., 65, 233 (1992).

 

39.      J. M. Howe and D. A. Smith, "Comparison Between the Invariant Line and Structural Ledge Theories for Predicting the Habit Plane, Orientation Relationship and Interphase Boundary Structure of Plate-Shaped Precipitates," Acta Metall. Mater., 40, 2343 (1992).

 

40.      P. L. Ratnaparkhi and J. M. Howe,"Amorphous Phase Formation by Solid State Reaction at a Diffusion-Bonded Al/SiC Interface," Scripta Metall. Mater., 27, 133 (1992).

 

41.      S. R. Singh and J. M. Howe, "High-Resolution Electron Microscopy of g/a2 Interfaces in Titanium Aluminide," Philos. Mag. A, 66, 739 (1992).

 

42.      J. M. Howe and S. Rozeveld, "Effects of Crystal and Beam Tilt on High-Resolution TEM Images of Interfaces in Materials," (invited paper) J. Micros. Res. Tech., 23, 230 (1992).

 

43.      S. J. Rozeveld, J. M. Howe and S. Schmauder, "Measurement of Residual Strain in an Al/SiCw Composite Using Convergent-Beam Electron Diffraction," Acta Metall. Mater., 40, 5173 (1992).

 

44.      J. M. Howe, "In Situ High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of the Amorphous to Crystalline Transformation in Pd80Si20 Alloy," Mater. Sci. Forum, 126-128, 467 (1993).

 

45.      M. Sarikaya and J. M. Howe, "Resolution in Conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy," (invited paper) Ultramicroscopy, 47, 145 (1992).

 

46.      Garg, Y. C. Chang and J. M. Howe, "Interfacial Structure and Transformation Mechanisms of the W Phase in an Al-3.9Cu-0.5Mg-0.5Ag Alloy," Acta Metall. Mater., 41, 235 (1993).

 

47.      S. J. Rozeveld and J. M. Howe, "Determination of Multiple Lattice Parameters from Convergent-Beam Electron Diffraction Patterns," Ultramicroscopy, 50, 41 (1993).

 

48.      Y. C. Chang and J. M. Howe, "Composition and Stability of the W Phase in an Al-3.9Cu-0.5Mg-0.5Ag Alloy," Metall. Trans., 24A, 1461 (1993).

 

49.      J. M. Howe and M. M. Tsai, "Discussion of 'On the Mechanisms of Hydride Formation in a-Ti Alloys'," Scripta Metall. Mater., 28, 533 (1993).

 

50.      J. M. Howe and D. A. Smith, "Reply to Comment on Comparison Between the Invariant Line and Structural Ledge Theories for Predicting the Habit Plane, Orientation Relationship and Interphase Boundary Structure of Plate-Shaped Precipitates," Scripta Metall. Mater., 28, 1171 (1993).

 

51.      Y. C. Chang and J. M. Howe, "An In Situ HRTEM Study of W Precipitate Dissolution in an  Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy," Ultramicroscopy, 51, 46 (1993).

 

52.      J. Y. Huh, J. M. Howe and W. C. Johnson, "Effect of Coherency Stresses on a+a2 Phase Equilibria in Ti-Al Alloys," Acta Metall. Mater., 41, 2577 (1993).

 

53.      J. M. Howe, "Bonding, Structure and Properties of Metal/Ceramic Interfaces - Part 1: Chemical Bonding, Reaction and Interfacial Structure," (invited paper) Inter. Mater. Rev., 38, 233 (1993).

 

54.      J. M. Howe, "Bonding, Structure and Properties of Metal/Ceramic Interfaces - Part 2: Fracture Behavior and Strength Measurement," (invited paper) Inter. Mater. Rev., 38, 257 (1993).

 

55.      P. L. Ratnaparkhi and J. M. Howe, "Structure and Mechanism of Bonding at a Diffusion-Bonded Al/SiC Interface," Acta Metall. Mater.,  42, 811 (1994).

 

56.      J. M. Howe, "Atomic Site Correspondence and Surface Relief in the Formation of Plate-Shaped Transformation Products," (invited paper) Metall. Trans., 25A, 1917 (1994).

 

57.      P. L. Ratnaparkhi and J. M. Howe, "Characterization of a Diffusion-Bonded Al-Mg Alloy/SiC Interface by High Resolution and Analytical Electron Microscopy," Metall. Trans.,  25A, 617 (1994).

 

58.      G. Rao, J. M. Howe and P. Wynblatt, "Analysis of the Interfacial Structure of a Twinned Variant of Ag Precipitate in Cu-Ag Alloys," Scripta Metall. Mater., 30, 731 (1994). 

 

59.      J. M. Howe, "Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis of Ag and Mg Segregation to {111} q Precipitate Plates in an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy," Philos. Mag. Lett., 70, 111 (1994).

 

60.      J. M. Howe, W. E. Benson, A. Garg and Y. C. Chang, "In Situ Hot-Stage High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy  of Interface Dynamics During Growth of {111}a  q-Al2Cu Plates in an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy," (invited paper) Mater. Sci. Forum, 189-90, 255 (1995).

 

61.      M. M. Tsai and J. M. Howe, "Lengthening Kinetics of (01-10) g-TiH Precipitates in a-Ti in the Temperature Range of 25-80oC," Metall. Mater. Trans., 26A, 2219 (1995).

 

62.      Y. Mou, J. M. Howe and E. A. Starke, Jr.,  "Grain Boundary Precipitation and Fracture Behavior of an Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag Alloy," Comm. Metall. Mater. Trans., 26A, 1591 (1995).

 

63.      R. N. Shenoy and J. M. Howe, "A Differential Scanning Calorimetric Study of a WeldaliteTM Type Alloy", Scripta Metall. Mater., 33,  651 (1995).

 

64.      D. D. Perovic, G. C. Weatherly, J. M. Howe, M. Kawasaki, K. Ibe and M. M. Kersker, ÒCharacterization of Interfacial Structure and Chemistry at Sub-Nanometer ResolutionÓ, (invited paper) Can. Met. Quat., 34, 251 (1995).

 

65.      J. M. Howe and W. E. Benson, "Determination of the Atomic Structure, Mechanisms and Kinetics of Precipitate Growth in Solids by In Situ Hot-Stage High-Resolution Transmission Electron Micrsocopy," (intived paper) Interface Science, 2, 347 (1995).

 

66.      S. Das, J. M. Howe and J. H. Perepezko, "A High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of g/B2, B2/a2 and a2/g  Interfaces in the Ti-Al-Mo System," (invited paper) Metall. Mater. Trans., 27A, 1623 (1996).

 

67.      J. M. Howe, "Direct Observation of Order in the Liquid at a Solid-Liquid Interface by HRTEM", Philos. Mag. A, 74, 761 (1996).

 

68.      Y. Mou and J. M. Howe, "Diffusion Fields Associated with Prolate Spheroids in Size and Shape Coarsening," Acta Mater., 45, 823 (1997).

 

69.      Y. Mou and J. M. Howe, "Diffusion Fields Associated with Size and Shape Coarsening of Oblate Spheroids," Metall. Mater. Trans., 28A, 39 (1997).

 

70.      D. W. Bray and J. M. Howe, "High-Resolution TEM Investigation of the f.c.c./h.c.p. Martensite Transformation in Co-31.8wt.%Ni Alloy, Part 1: Growth Ledges and Lath Interfaces," Metall. Mater. Trans., 27A, 3362 (1997).

 

71.      D. W. Bray and J. M. Howe, "High-Resolution TEM Investigation of the f.c.c./h.c.p. Martensite Transformation in Co-31.8wt.%Ni Alloy, Part 2: Lath Intersections, Extended Defects and Mechanisms of Nucleation," Metall. Mater. Trans., 27A, 3371 (1997).

 

72.      W. E. Benson and J. M. Howe, "An In Situ High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope Study of the Growth and Dissolution of q{111} Precipitate Plates in an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy", Philos. Mag. A, 75, 1641 (1997).

 

73.      H. I. Aaronson, J. M. Howe, M. G. Hall, T. Furuhara and J. P. Hirth, ÒMobility of Structural Ledges,Ó Scripta Mater., 37, 1301 (1997).

 

74.      J. M. Howe, ÒAtomic Structure, Composition, Mechanisms and Dynamics of Transformation Interfaces in Diffusional Phase TransformationsÓ, (invited overview) Mater. Trans. JIM, 39, 3 (1998).

 

75.      Csontos, M.M. Tsai and J. M. Howe, ÒIn Situ High-Resolution Electron Spectroscopic Imaging of Precipitate Growth in an Al-Ag Alloy,Ó (invited paper) Micron, 29, 73 (1998).

 

76.      W. Wilson and J. M. Howe, ÒMicrostructural Evaluation of Ti-6-22-22 AlloyÓ, Metall. Mater. Trans.,  29A, 1585 (1998).

 

77.      J. M. Howe, T. M. Murray, K. T. Moore, A. A. Csontos, M. M. Tsai and W. E. Benson, ÒUnderstanding Interphase Boundary Dynamics by In Situ High-Resolution and Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy and Real-Time Image SimulationÓ, (invited paper) Microscopy & Microanalysis, 4, 235 (1998).

 

78.      Kuo, C. A. Passut, T.-C. Jao, A. A. Csontos and J. M. Howe, ÒWear Mechanisms in Cummins M-11 High Soot Diesel Test EnginesÓ, (invited paper) SAE Technical Paper 981372, 21 (1998).

 

79.      J. M. Howe and G. Spanos, "Atomic Structure of the Austenite-Cementite Interface of Proeutectoid Cementite Plates," Philos. Mag. A, 79, 9 (1999).

 

80.      M. Bilaniuk and J. M. Howe, ÒWetting, Bonding and Interfacial Energy of Nanocrystalline Metal Particles on Crystalline DCH Polymer and Amorphous Carbon SubstratesÓ, Interface Science, 6, 317 (1999).

 

81.      M. Longo, J. M. Howe and W. C. Johnson, ÒExperimental Method for Determining Cliff-Lorimer Factors in TEM Utilizing Stepped Wedge-Shaped Specimens Prepared by FIB ThinningÓ, Ultramicroscopy, 80, 85 (1999).

 

82.      M. Longo, J. M. Howe and W. C. Johnson, ÒDevelopment of a FIB Technique to Minimize X-ray Fluorescence During Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy of FIB Specimens in the TEMÓ, Ultramicroscopy,  80, 69 (1999).

 

83.      W. Wilson and J. M. Howe, ÒStatistical ALCHEMI Study of the Site Occupancies of Ti and Cu in NiAlÓ, Scripta Mater, 41, 327 (1999).

 

84.      K. T. Moore, J. M. Howe and D. C. Elbert, ÒAnalysis of Diffraction Contrast as a Function of Energy Loss in Energy-Filtered Transmission Electron Microscope ImagingÓ, Ultramicroscopy, 80, 203 (1999).

 

85.      K. T. Moore, J. M. Howe, D. E. Veblen, T. M. Murray and E. A. Stach, ÒAnalysis of Electron Signal as a Function of Aperture Size in Energy Filtered Transmission Electron Microscope (EFTEM) ImagingÓ, Ultramicroscopy, 80, 221 (1999).

 

86.      S. Q. Xiao and J. M. Howe, ÒAnalysis of a Two-Dimensional Invariant Line Interface for the Case of a General Transformation Strain and Application to Thin-Film InterfacesÓ, Acta Mater.,  48, 3253 (2000).

 

87.      K. T. Moore and J. M. Howe, ÒCharacterization of g Plate-Shaped Precipitates in an Al-Ag Alloy Ð Growth Kinetics, Solute Field Composition and ModelingÓ, Acta Mater., 48, 4083 (2000).

 

88.      M. Howe, H. I. Aaronson and J. P. Hirth, ÒAspects of Interphase Boundary Structure in Diffusional Phase TransformationsÓ, Acta Mater., 48, 3977 (2000).

 

89.      K. T. Moore, A. A. Csontos and J. M. Howe, ÒScanning and Transmission Electron Microscope Investigation of Preferential Thinning During Ion Beam Milling of an Al-Ag Alloy Containing gÔ Precipitate PlatesÓ, Ultramicroscopy, 76, 195 (1999).

 

90.      W. Wilson, J. M. Howe, A. Garg and R. D. Noebe, ÒTEM Study of bÕ Precipitation in NiAl-Ti AlloysÓ, Mater. Sci. Eng., A289, 162 (2000).

 

91.      J. F. Nie, J. M. Howe and H. I. Aaronson, ÒDiscussion of ÒSurface Relief and the Displacive Transformation to the Lamellar Microstructure in TiAlÓ and ÒNanometer-Scale, Fully Lamellar Microstructure in an Aged TiAl-Based AlloyÓ, Comm. Metall. Mater. Trans., 31A, 2377 (2000).

 

92.      J. H. Holles, R. J. Davis, T. M. Murray and J. M. Howe, ÒEfects of Pd Particle Size and Ceria Loading on NO Reduction with COÓ, J. Catalysis, 195, 193 (2000).

 

93.      T. Moore, E. A. Stach, J. M. Howe, D. C., Elbert and D. R. Veblen, ÒA Tilting Procedure to Enhance Compositional Contrast in Energy-Filtered Imaging of Planar InterfacesÓ, Micron, 33, 39 (2001).

 

94.      K. T. Moore, D. R. Veblen and J. M. Howe, ÒCa Segregation at Antiphase Boundaries in PigeoniteÓ, Amer. Mineralogist, 86, 1314 (2001).

 

95.      W. Wilson and J. M. Howe, ÒEffect of Alloying Additions and Stoichiometry on bÕ Precipitation in NiAl-Ti Base AlloysÓ, Acta Mater., 49, 2653 (2001).

 

96.      K.T. Moore, W. C. Johnson, J. M. Howe, H. I. Aaronson and D. R. Veblen, ÒInteraction Between Ag-Depleted Zones Surrounding g Plates and Spinodal Decomposition in an Al-22 at.% Ag AlloyÓ, Acta Mater., 50, 943 (2002).

 

97.      K. T. Moore, J. M. Howe, and D. R. Veblen, ÒHigh-Resolution and Energy-Filtered TEM Imaging of Ag Segregation at Planar Interfaces in an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy, Philos. Mag. B, 82, 13 (2002).

 

98.      Murayama, J. M. Howe, H. Hikada and S. Takaki, ÒAtomic-Level Observation of Disclination Dipoles in Mechanically Milled, Nanocrystalline FeÓ, Science, 295, 2433 (2002).

 

99.      K. T. Moore, J. M. Howe and D. R. Veblen, ÒOn the Solute Field and Composition of g Plates in an Al-22 at.% Ag AlloyÓ, Comm. Metall. Mater. Trans., 33A, 1563 (2002). 

 

100.   V. P. Oleshko, M. Murayama and J. M. Howe, "Use of Plasmon Spectroscopy to Evaluate the Mechanical Properties of Materials at the Nanoscale", Microsc. Microanal., 8, 350 (2002).

 

101.   J. M. Howe, W. T. Reynolds, Jr. and V. K. Vasudevan, "Static and In-Situ High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigations of the Atomic Structure and Dynamics of Massive Transformation Interfaces in Ti-Al Alloy", Metall. Mater. Trans., 33A, (2002).

 

102.   P. Li and J. M. Howe, "Dislocation Reactions in ZrN", Acta Mater., 50, 4231 (2002).

 

103.   W. Wilson, G. Bozzolo, R. D. Noebe and J. M. Howe, ÒExperimental Verification of the Theoretical Prediction of the Phase Structure of an Ni-Al-Ti-Cr-Cu AlloyÓ, Acta Mater., 50, 2387 (2002).

 

104.   V. P. Oleshko and J. M. Howe, "Applications of Cryo-Analytical Electron Microscopy for Characterization of AgX-Based Photographic Systems and Their Microcomponents", J. Soc. Photogr. Sci. Technol. Japan, 65, 332 (2002).

 

105.   S. S. Sharma, K. T. Moore and J. M. Howe, ÒTEM Investigation of an Ordered Metastable Phase in Zr-N AlloysÓ, Philos. Mag., 83, 31 (2003).

 

106.   J. M. Howe, A.E. M. Mebed, K. Chatterjee, P. Li, M. Murayama and W. C. Johnson, "Effect of Phase Fraction on the Tri-Junction in Two-Phase Particle Systems", Acta Mater., 51, 1359 (2003).

 

107.   P. Li and J. M. Howe, "Short-Range Ordering and {1,1/2,0} Diffuse Intensity Maxima in ZrNx", Acta Mater., 51, 1261 (2003).

 

108.   Murayama, J. M. Howe, H. Hikada and S. Takaki, "High-Resolution TEM Analysis of Defect Structures in Mechanically Milled, Nanocrystalline Fe",ISIJ International, 43, 775 (2003).

 

109.   W. T. Reynolds, Jr., J. F. Nie, W.-Z. Zhang, J. M. Howe, H. I. Aaronson, J. P. Hirth, G. R. Purdy, "Atomic Structure of Irrational a2:gm Boundaries in a Ti-46.54 at.% Alloy", Scripta Mater., in press.

 

110.   V. P. Oleshko, J. M. Howe, S. Shukla and S. Seal, , "High-Resolution and Analytical TEM Investigation of Undoped, Sol-Gel Derived Nanocrystalline Zirconia", Acta Mater., submitted.

 

111.   P. Somerday, A. W. Wilson, J. M. Howe, and R. P. Gangloff, "Microstructural Cause of Intergranular Hydrogen Environment Embrittlement of Aged Beta-Titanium Alloys", Metall. Mater. Trans. A, submitted.

 

112.   G. A. Storaska, K. T. Moore and J. M. Howe, "In-Situ Energy-Filtered TEM Investigation of the Solid-Liquid Interface in Submicron Al-Si Alloy Particles", Philos. Mag. A, submitted.

 

113.   P. Li and J. M. Howe, "Crystallography of a New Metastable Phase in Zr-N Alloy", Acta Cryst. A, submitted.

 

114.   K. Chatterjee, J. M. Howe, W. C. Johnson and M. Murayama, "Static and In-situ TEM Investigation of Phase Transformations and Interfaces in Ag-Au-Cu Nanoparticles", Acta Mater., submitted.

 

115.   P. Li, W. T. Reynolds, Jr. and J. M. Howe, "Atomic Structure of an Incoherent {111} Interface in Zr-N Alloy", Philos. Mag. A, submitted.

 

116.   P. Li, J. M. Howe and W. T. Reynolds, Jr., "Investigation of the Structure and Composition of a {111} Incoherent Zr/ZrN Interface Containing Ledges by HRTEM, Image Simulation, EELS, EFTEM and NCS Analysis", Acta Mater., submitted.

 

117.   P. Li, J. M. Howe and W. T. Reynolds, Jr., "Atomic Structure of a {110} Zr/ZrN Interface", Acta Mater., in preparation.

 

118.   V. P. Oleshko and J. M. Howe, "Universality and Scaling in Solid-State Property - Plasmon-Energy Relationships", Nature, in preparation.

 

119.   T. Yokota, M. Murayama and J. M. Howe, "Fractional Brownian Motion of  Submicron Al-Rich Solid Particles in Liquid Al-Si Alloy Under Electron-Beam Irradiation", Nature, in preparation.

 

120.   T. Yokota, M. Murayama and J. M. Howe, "In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscope Investigation of the Effect of Electron-Beam Irradiation on the Solid-to-Liquid Transformation in Al-Si Alloy Particles", J. Appl. Phys., in preparation.

 

121.   P. Li and J. M. Howe, "A New Metastable Phase in Zr-N Alloy", Acta Cryst. A, in preparation.

 

122.   G. A. Storaska and J. M. Howe, "In-Situ TEM Investigation of Surface Oxide Stress Relief Mechanisms During Melting of Submicron Al-Si Alloy Particles", Mater. Sci. Eng, in preparation.

 

123.   E. M. Mebed, J. M. Howe and W. C. Johnson, "Investigation of Homogeneous Nano-Structures in Co-Cu Thin-Film Alloys", Acta Mater., in preparation.

 

124.   M. M. Tsai and J. M. Howe, ÒHigh Resolution and In-Situ TEM Studies of the a-Titanium/g-Titanium Hydride InterfaceÓ, Philos. Mag. A, in preparation.

 

125.   G. A. Storaska and J. M. Howe, "An In-Situ TEM Study of the Mechanisms and Kinetics of Solidification in Submicron Al-Si Alloy Particles", Acta Mater., in preparation.

 

Conference Proceedings

 

1.         J. M. Howe, "A HREM Study of the Interfacial Structure of g' Precipitate Plates in Al - 15 wt% Ag Alloy," in Proc. 41st Annual Meeting E.M.S.A., San Francisco Press, CA, p. 238 (1983).

 

2.         J. M. Howe and R. Gronsky, "Atomic-Resolution Microscopy of Precipitate Growth in Al Alloys," in Proc. International Conference on Aluminum Alloys, Chameleon Press, London, p. 647 (1986).

 

3.         J. M. Howe, "Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Al Alloys," in Proc. International Conference on Aluminum Alloys, Chameleon Press, London, p. 603, (1986).

 

4.         J. M. Howe and R. Gronsky, "Nucleation of g' Plates from G.P. Zones in an Al-Ag Alloy," in Proc. 44th Annual Meeting E.M.S.A., San Francisco Press, CA, p. 552 (1986).

 

5.         J. M. Howe and R. Gronsky, "Atomic Chemistry from HREM and Image Simulations?," in  Proc. 44th Annual Meeting E.M.S.A., San Francisco Press, CA, p. 828 (1986).

 

6.         J. M. Howe and M. Sarikaya, "CBED Point-Group Analysis of Thin Precipitates in Metallic Systems," in Microbeam Analysis '86, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 405 (1986).

 

7.         J. M. Howe and R. Gronsky, "TEM Studies of Precipitate Growth at the Atomic Level," (invited paper) in Materials Problem Solving with the Transmission Electron Microscope, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 62,  MRS, Pittsburgh, PA, p. 241 (1986).

 

8.         J. M. Howe, D. P. Basile, N. Prabhu and M. K. Hatalis, "Minimum Detectable Solute Concentration and Accuracy of Compositional Analysis in Atomic-Resolution Microscopy," in Analytical Electron Microscopy  '87, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 235 (1987).

 

9.         J. M. Howe, "High-Resolution TEM of Interfaces in Metals," (invited paper) in Proc. 45th Annual  Meeting E.M.S.A., San Francisco Press, CA, p. 284 (1987).

 

10.      G. J. Mahon and J. M. Howe, "Microstructural Development During Heat Treatment and Deformation of an Aluminum-Silicon Carbide Composite," in Proc. 46th Annual Meeting E.M.S.A., San Francisco Press, CA, p. 724 (1988).

 

11.      J. M. Howe and G. J. Mahon, "High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of Precipitate Plate Growth by Diffusional and Displacive Transformation Mechanisms," (invited paper) in Proc. 46th Annual Meeting E.M.S.A., San Francisco Press, CA, p. 760 (1988).

 

12.      J. M. Howe, "In Situ TEM Studies of Precipitate Growth by a Terrace-Ledge-Kink Mechanism," in Phase Transformations '87, The Institute of Metals, London, p. 637 (1988).

 

13.      J. M. Howe and D. Sundo, "Effects of Composition and Strain on Image Contrast in Atomic-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy," in High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 139, MRS, Pittsburgh, PA, p. 211 (1989).

 

14.      J. M. Howe and M. Sarikaya, "Observation of Radiation-Induced Defect Formation in Aluminum by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy," in Characterization of the Structure and Chemistry of Defects in Materials, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 138, MRS, Pittsburgh, PA, p. 41 (1989).

 

15.      J. M. Howe, "Reliability of Various Symmetry Features and Procedures for Point Group Determination of Thin Specimens by CBED," (invited paper) in Analytical Electron Microscopy '89, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 483 (1989).

 

16.      S. R. Singh and J. M. Howe, "High-Resolution Electron Microscopy of Interfaces in TiAl Alloys," in XII International Congress for Electron Microscopy, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 316 (1990).

 

17.      A. Garg and J. M. Howe, "An In Situ TEM Study of Nucleation and Growth of the W Phase in an Al-4.0Cu-90.5Mg-0.5Ag Alloy," in XII International Congress for Electron Microscopy, San Francisco Press,  CA, p. 526 (1990).

 

18.      P. C. Shieh and J. M. Howe, "Investigation of the Atomic Structure of Crystal/Amorphous Interfaces in Pd80Si20 Alloy by HRTEM and Image Simulations," in XII International Congress for Electron Microscopy, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 114 (1990).

 

19.      D. F. Sundo and J. M. Howe, "Theoretical and Experimental Analyses of the Effects of Composition and Strain on Image Contrast in High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy," in XII International Congress for Electron Microscopy, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 66 (1990).

 

20.      S. R. Singh and J. M. Howe, "Effect of Ta on the Structure and Dynamics of g/a2 Interfaces in TiAl," in High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys IV, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 213, MRS, Pittsburgh, PA, p. 435 (1991).

 

21.      M. Sarikaya and J. M. Howe, "Image Resolution in Conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy," (invited paper) in Proc. 49th Annual Meeting E.M.S.A., San Francisco Press, CA, p. 468 (1991).

 

22.      J. M. Howe, "In Situ High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of Interphase Boundary Motion in Metallic Alloys," (invited paper) in Proc. 49th Annual Meeting E.M.S.A., San Francisco Press,  CA, p. 450 (1991).

 

23.      M. Bilaniuk and J. M. Howe, "Orientation Relationships at Polymer/Metal Interfaces," in Analytical Electron Microscopy '91, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 227 (1991).

 

24.      A. Garg and J. M. Howe, "Interfacial Structure of the W Phase in A1-4.0Cu-0.5Mg-0.5Ag Alloy," in Analytical Electron Microscopy '91, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 214 (1991).

 

25.      H. I. Aaronson, T. Furuhara, J. M. Howe, W. T. Reynolds, Jr. and G. Spanos, "Why Does the Phenomenological Theory of Martensite Crystallography Sometimes Quantitatively Describe the Surface Relief Effect and the Transformation Crystallography of Precipitate Plates," (invited Paper) in Interfaces: Structure and Properties, Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi, India, p. 169 (1993).

 

26.      J. M. Howe, "Bonding, Structure and Properties of Metal/Ceramic Interfaces," (invited paper) in Joining and Adhesion of Advanced Materials, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 314, MRS, Pittsburgh, PA, p. 27 (1993).

 

27.      J. M. Howe, "In Situ High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope Study of Martensite Nucleation and Growth in a Co-32wt.%Ni Alloy," in Proc. Inter. Conf. on Martensitic  Transformations '92,  Monterey Institute for Advanced Studies, Monterey, CA, p. 185 (1993).

 

28.      J. M. Howe,  "Quantitative In Situ Hot-Stage High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy," (invited paper) in Proc. 52nd Annual Meeting M.S.A., San Francisco Press, CA, p. 758 (1994).

 

29.      J. M. Howe,  "Lattice Parameter Measurement by Convergent-Beam Electron Diffraction," (invited paper) in Proc. 52nd Annual Meeting M.S.A., San Francisco Press, CA, p. 952 (1994).

 

30.      J. M. Howe, W. E. Benson, A. Garg and Y. C. Chang, "Analysis of Interface Dynamics in Solid-State Phase Transformations by In Situ Hot-Stage High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy," (invited paper) in Determining Nanoscale Physical Properties of Materials by Microscopy and Spectroscopy,  Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 332,  MRS, Pittsburgh, PA, p. 65 (1994).

 

31.      W. E. Benson and J. M. Howe, "In Situ Hot-Stage HRTEM Studies of q-Al2Cu {111} Plate Growth and Faceting by Ledges and Kinks in an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy," in Proc. International Conf. on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials '94, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA,  p. 1109 (1994).

 

32.      G. Chen, J. M. Howe and W. T. Reynolds, Jr., "Emission of Structural Defects During Precipitate Growth," in Proc. International Conf. on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials '94, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, p. 291 (1994).

 

33.      J. M. Howe, In Situ Hot-Stage High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope Studies of the Mechanisms and Kinetics of Precipitation Reactions", (invited paper) in Microscopy and Microanalysis 1995, Jones and Begell Publishing, New York, p. 228 (1995).

 

34.      N. Prabhu and J. M. Howe, "The Effect of Ternary Trace Additions on the Precipitation Behavior in an Al-4.2 At.Pct Ag Alloy," (invited paper) in Advances in Physical Metallurgy - 94, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers,  Amsterdam,  p. 307 (1996).

 

35.      J. M. Howe, W. E. Benson, A. Garg and Y.-C. Chang, "In Situ Hot-Stage High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of Solid-State Phase Transformations," (plenary paper) in Advances in Physical Metallurgy - 94, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, p. 277 (1996).

 

36.      A. W. Wilson, J. M. Howe, A. Garg and R. D. Noebe,  "HRTEM and Chemical Analysis of NiAl-5Ti",  in Microscopy and Microanalysis 1996, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 230 (1996).

 

37.      M. M. Tsai and J. M. Howe, Characterization of the (01-10) a-Ti/g-TiH Interface Using High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS)",  in Microscopy and Microanalysis 1996, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 108 (1996).

 

38.      J. M. Howe, S. P. Ringer, B. C. Muddle and I. J. Polmear, "Analytical Electron Microscopy of Nanometer-Size Precipitates in Al Alloys with a 200 kV Field Emission TEM", in Microscopy and Microanalysis 1996, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 574 (1996).

 

39.      J. M. Howe, "Quantification of Order in the Liquid at a Solid-Liquid Interface by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), in Microscopy and Microanalysis 1996, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 114 (1996).

 

40.      A. Garg, R. D. Noebe, J. M. Howe, A. W. Wilson and V. Levit, "TEM Study of Precipitation in a NiAl-3Ti-0.5Hf Single-Crystal Alloy", in Microscopy and Microanalysis 1996, San Francisco Press, CA, p. 998 (1996).

 

41.      J. M. Howe, M. M. Tsai and A. A. Csontos, ÒIn Situ High-Resolution Electron Spectroscopic Imaging and Real-Time Image Simulation of Precipitate Growth MechanismsÓ, (invited paper) in Microscopy and Microanalysis 1997, Springer-Verlag, NY, p.627 (1997).

 

42.      A. W. Wilson, J. M. Howe, A. Garg and R. D. Noebe, ÒAnalytical TEM Study of Nanophase Precipitation in NiAl Alloys,Ó in Microscopy and Microanalysis 1997,  Springer-Verlag, NY, p.1007 (1997).

 

43.      J. M. Howe and D. A. Smith, ÒAnalysis of Misorientations at Thin-Film Interfaces by Various Crystallographic Theories of Interphase Bondary StructureÓ, in Boundaries and Interfaces in Materials: The David A. Smith Symposium, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, p. 73 (1998). 

 

44.      D. M. Longo, J. M. Howe and W. C. Johnson, ÒThe Effect of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Specimen Geometry on X-ray Fluorescence During Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Analysis in the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)Ó, in Microscopy and Microanalysis 1998, Springer-Verlag, NY, p. 856 (1998).

 

45.      T. M. Murray and J. M. Howe, ÒSimulated HRTEM Images of Rotating Nano-size Metal ParticlesÓ, in Electron Microscopy 1998, IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK, p. 161 (1998).

 

46.      J. M. Howe, A. A. Csontos and M. M. Tsai, ÒDetermination of Compositional Changes at Transformation Interfaces with Sub-nanometer Spatial Resolution by In Situ Hot-Stage Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron MicroscopyÓ, (invited paper) in Electron Microscopy 1998, IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK, p. 37 (1998).

 

47.      A. W. Wilson and J. M. Howe, ÒMicrostructural Evaluation of NiAl-Ti-Cu Alloys as a Function of Alloy CompositionÓ, in Electron Microscopy 1998, IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK, p. 269 (1998).

 

48.      J. M. Howe, K. T. Moore, A. A. Csontos, M. M. Tsai and W. E. Benson, ÒIn Situ High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of Interfaces in Phase TransformationsÓ, (invited paper) in Proc. International Conf. on Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries (iib98), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Switzerland, p. 43 (1999).

 

49.      K. T. Moore and J. M. Howe, ÒCharacterization of g Plate-Shaped Precipitates During Early Stages of Growth in an Al-4.2at.%Ag Alloy: Solute Field, Composition and Growth KineticsÓ, in Solid-Solid Phase Transformations I (PTMÕ99), M. Kiowa, K. Otsuka and T. Miyazaki, Eds., The Japan Inst. Metals, Sendai, p. 141 (1999).

 

50.      J. M. Howe, M. M. Tsai and A. A. Csontos, ÒIn Situ High-Resolution and Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscope Observations of Interphase Boundary Dynamics in Diffusional and Diffusionless FCC-HCP Phase TransformationsÓ, (invited paper) in Solid-Solid Phase Transformations II (PTMÕ99), M. Kiowa, K. Otsuka and T. Miyazaki, Eds., The Japan Inst. Metals, Sendai, p. 1136 (1999).

 

51.      K. T. Moore and J. M. Howe, ÒAnalysis of Diffraction Contrast as a Function of Energy Loss in Energy Filtering Transmission Electron Microscope (EFTEM) Imaging and Possible Implications on High-Resolution Compositional MappingÓ, in Microscopy and Microanalysis 1999, Springer-Verlag, NY, p. 620 (1999).

 

52.      G. A. Storaska and J. M. Howe, ÒIn-Situ TEM Investigation of the Solid/Liquid Interface in Al-Si AlloysÓ, in Microscopy and Microanalysis 2000, Springer-Verlag, NY, p.  1068 (2000).

 

53.      K. T. Moore, E. A. Stach, J. M. Howe, D. C., Elbert and D. R. Veblen, ÒA Tilting Procedure to Enhance Compositional Contrast in Energy-Filtered Imaging of Planar InterfacesÓ, in Microscopy and Microanalysis 2000, Springer-Verlag, NY, p.  (2000).

 

54.      T.-C. Jao, S. Li, K. Yatsunami, S. J. Chen, A. A. Csontos and J. M. Howe, ÒSoot Characterization and Diesel Engine WearÓ, in Proc. Intl. Tribology Conf. 2000, Vol. 3, Japanese Soc. of Tribologists, Nagasaki, Japan, p. 1981 (2001).

 

55.      P. Li and J. M. Howe, "Dislocation Dissociation and Short-Range Ordering in ZrN", in Microscopy and Microanalysis, 8 (Suppl. 2), Springer-Verlag, NY, p. 1430 (2002).

 

56.      V. P. Oleshko and J. M. Howe, "Correlation Between the Volume Plasmon Energy and Mechanical Properties of Materials", in Proc. 15th Intl. Cong. Electron Micros.(ICEM-15), Vol. 1 - Physics, Materials and Earth Sciences, Micros. Soc. South Africa, Onderstepoort, p. 169 (2002).

 

57.      J. M. Howe, M. Murayama, H. Hikada and S. Takaki, "High-Resolution TEM Analysis of Defect Structures in Mechanically Milled, Nanocrystalline Fe", in Proc. 1st Intl. Conf. Adv. Structural Steels (IACSS 2002), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, p. 53 (2002).

 

58.      V. P. Oleshko and J. M. Howe, "Valence Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy as a Tool for In Situ Diagnostics of Material Properties", in Microscopy and Microanalysis 2003, Springer-Verlag, NY, submitted.

 

59.      V. P. Oleshko, J. M. Howe, S. Shukla and S. Seal, "CTEM, HRTEM and FE-AEM Investigation of the Metastable Tetragonal Phase Stabilization in Undoped, Sol-Gel Derived Naoncrystalline Zirconia", in Microscopy and Microanalysis 2003, Springer-Verlag, NY, submitted.

 

60.      P. Li and J. M. Howe, " In-Situ TEM Studies of Sessile Dislocation Arrangements and N Vacancy Ordering in ZrN", Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., in press.

 

Symposium Proceedings

 

1.         H. I. Aaronson and J. M. Howe, "The Role of Ledges in Phase Transformations," Metall. Trans., 22A, 1137 (1991).

 

2.         W. C. Johnson, J. M. Howe, D. E. Laughlin and W. A. Soffa, "Proceedings of  an International Conference on Solid-to-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials - PTM'94,"  The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA (1994).

 

Books /Chapters

 

1.         J. M. Howe, "Interfaces in Materials: Atomic Structure, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Solid-Vapor, Solid-Liquid and Solid-Solid Interfaces", John Wiley & Sons, NY (1997).

 

2.         J. M. Howe, ÒCharacterization of Heterophase Transformation Interfaces by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope TechniquesÓ, in International School of Electron Microscopy, 8th Course: Impact of Electron and Scanning Probe Microscopy on Materials Research, D. G. Rickerby et al., Eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands (1999).

 

3.         J. M. Howe and B. T. Fultz, ÒUnit 12a.2 Ð Transmission Electron MicroscopyÓ in Methods in Materials Research, John Wiley & Sons, NY (2000).

 

4.         B. T. Fultz and J. M. Howe, "Diffractometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy in Materials Science", Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg (2001).

 

5.         B. T. Fultz and J. M. Howe, "Diffractometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy in Materials Science, 2nd Edition", Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg (2002).

 

Other Publications

 

1.         J. M. Howe, "Atomic-Resolution Microscopy of Materials", CIT Engineering News, Vol. 6(2), Carnegie Mellon Publications, PS, (1987).

 

2.         J. M. Howe, "Metal-Ceramic Interfaces", Defense Science Study Group Project Report, Institute for Defense Analysis, Alexandria, VA (1990).

 

3.         J. M. Howe "HRTEM Quantification II", in "Notes Presented at the Workshop on Characterization of Crystalline Interfaces by Advanced Electron Microscopy", U. Dahmen, Ed., Berkeley, CA (1990).

 

4.         J. M. Howe, "Duplication of Natural Materials", Defense Science Study Group Project Report, Institute for Defense Analysis, Alexandria, VA (1991).

 

5.         D. Perovic, G. C. Weatherly, J. M. Howe, M. Kawasaki, K. Ibe and M. M. Kersker, "Sub-Nanometric EDX Analysis with the JEM-2010F Field-Emission TEM", JEOL News, Vol. 31E, 7 (1994).

 

6.         Contributor to: E. J. Mittemeijer and F. Sommer, "Section 5.2 - Phase Transformations", in "European White Book of Fundamental Research in Materials Science", Max-Planck-Institut fur Metallforschung Stuttgart, November (2001) p. 158.