Required:
Niall Ferguson, The Pity of War (New York: BasicBooks, 1999), pp. 388-94, 433-57 (pdf).

Ian Kershaw, Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999) pp. 73-91, 92-105 (pdf).

Suggested:
Herbert P. Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (London: Duckworth, 2000).

R.J.B. Bosworth, Mussolini (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).

Allan Bullock, Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives (New York: Vintage Books, 1991, 1993).

James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1956).

Martin Gilbert, Churchill: A Life (New York: Holt, 1991).

Robert Dallek, The Foreign Policy of Franklin D. Roosevelt (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979).

PowerPoint Slideshow

Gabriel Schoenfeld, "Defying Hitler: Marching, but Out of Step," New York Times Book Review, August 25, 2002.

Photo: Hitler hears news of war, August 1914.

Photo: Hitler as corporal, 1916.

Photo: Mussolini, 1915

Photo: Mussolini convalescing, 1916

Photo: Roosevelt, 1916

Photo: Churchill, 1914

Photo: Churchill, 1915

Photo: Hirohito at Dunkirk, 1921

Photo: Stalin, in Siberian exile,1915 (third from left in back row)

Volleyballmania!

Westport

The Kids

Thomas!